The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) has issued an opinion on the circumstances and conditions under which 'consent or payment' models, relating to behavioral advertising, may be implemented by large online platforms in a way that constitutes valid and freely given consent.

In November 2023, the Antitrust Authority opened an investigation against the company DAVE'S S.r.l., distributor in Italy of the product called the "Hot Chip Challenge", which involved consuming an extremely spicy and unpleasant tasting crisp. The Authority argued that the company had engaged in conduct in violation of the Consumer Code.

The Italian Antitrust Authority fined the companies Fenice S.r.l. and TBS Crew S.r.l., which manage the trademarks and rights relating to the personality and personal identity of Chiara Ferragni, and Balocco S.p.A., for the combined violation of their duty of professional diligence and unfair commercial practice, characterised by elements of deceptiveness.